6.13.2010

The ominous rise of 2nd person

It's everywhere. Maybe YOU've seen it?

I sure have.

2nd person makes a devious appearance in the first chapter of Living Dead Girl; You by Charles Benoit, the upcoming sure-to-be-a-hit novel is narrated entirely in 2nd person; Printz-winning How I Live Now is stock-full of those buggers; and the last book I finished--Stolen--had a unique combination of 1st and 2nd person.

YOU is everywhere.*

This sudden--at least from my viewpoint--plague of You is a bit unsettling. Weird. Strange. A little scary, even. Maybe YOU've always been aware of it, but I haven't. And to me--as it seems that I come into more contact with the 2nd person as I pour over recently released books and unpublished snippets of writing--it's growing. Surging, even.

It's been hammered into my head over and over by numerous English teachers that no one but fools asking to be mocked and deprived of any literary standing use 2nd person; that if they do it's only a few sentences; that it jolts/jars/irritates/angers the reader and that 3rd person limited and first person are much better narrative forms. Also, that I'd never see 2nd person--maybe once if I was unlucky. Or twice.

I've seen it alright. And now, I can't avoid it.

I pretty much believed my teachers up until now. Second person = bad or fleeting. Whenever we went over POV, there would be lengthy definitions of the different variations of 1st and 3rd. 2nd would sometimes be mentioned in a vague afterthought--it's just basically "You" they'd say, but don't worry, it won't turn up. **

YA has become a place of unsettling tense/POV combinations that would make many readers of adult fiction cringe at the impropriety, the uppityness, the departure from established literary standards . It's 2010, the era of YA (it's long tendrils have reached and entrapped many adult readers by now) and I still see writers and readers arguing that first person present, permeating many of the books I read today is terrible, unusable, and mark of the incompetence of an author. Which is silly. I kind of want to shove The Hunger Games and Cracked Up to Be and half the YA section at them.

They say: first person MUST ALWAYS be past. Third person limited (past) is the best POV. They upturn their noses at the mention of awkward & self-conscious 3rd person present (an assessment I for the most part agree with***). I fear what they'll say about 2nd person. They'd probably scream or have a cow if they knew what I've been reading lately.

But maybe it's not that bad. I, for the most part, write this blog in 2nd person. (IT HAS INFILTRATED EVEN HERE! RUN! EVACUATE!). I write poetry in 2nd person.(whoah, how'd that happen? I really don't know). I kinda like 2nd person, and I'm starting to realize that just right now.

The 2nd person I've read--stubborn as I am--has been pretty darn good. Amazing, even. It's got this very haunting quality to it, as the main character or author speaks directly to you. The most striking part of Just in Case (by Meg Rosoff, the same author as How I Live Now) is a harrowing vignette of a plane crash, narrated in 2nd person. A character who jumps out of the page to the audience and says knowingly, "My friend always pretends like she's dumber than she really is. Don't you just hate when someone does that?" can be refreshing, voice-filled. Books narrated entirely in 2nd person can be done, and done well.

So no having cows needed. None. No conniptions either.

Maybe from now on I can have my 2nd person and enjoy it and not feel misgivings at the mention of it.

And I'm thinking--this is just my speculation--we'll be seeing more of 2nd person soon. At least on the YA side of things--whether it be short sections in the middle of a text or the POV of choice of the author.

So this is where you tell me what you think of 2nd person. Have you noticed more of it lately or is it just me? Any really good books in 2nd person?

* I'll ignore the terrible grammar of that sentence. *twitches*
**Here's something I've learned: Don't trust your English teachers solely because they're adults with a red pen.
*** 3rd person present does, for the most part, read awkwardly to me. Atwood has got it down in The Blind Assassin, though and I'm sure lots of others do too.

Comments (44)

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lol, interesting post. I actually HAVEN'T noticed the 2nd person trend in YA, but then I'm pretty bad at going around and keeping up with the latest books. I don't really jump at new releases (with a few exceptions of course) and usually wait around for paperback versions to come out, etc. I personally think 2nd person is a really tricky POV to write it for fictional prose pieces (I'm not just saying this, I actually tried writing it, it's hard!) but can be really effective if done right. So... either we're gonna get a lot of terribly writing 2nd person POV books or a lot of really good ones. I can't really imagine an in-between. lol imho anyhow.

I really loved Karin Lowachee's use of 2nd person in her first novel Warchild (but it isn't YA, it's Adult SciFi.) Can't really think of another example off the top of my head....
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1 reply · active less than 1 minute ago
I wouldn't go so far as to call it a trend yet, but I think I'm seeing it a *little* bit more then say--a few years ago. And with YOU coming out, it does seem like YA might pick up on second person and more books will be coming out with 2nd person. Just my thoughts though, haha.

And I agree that 2nd person is really tricky, but it can also be amazing. And thank you very much for the rec :)
I usually don't notice what tense the author is using in a book, so if I've come across it, I wouldn't remember what book it was in. But interesting post. I agree. 2nd person can be powerful and when used correctly, it can do wonders for a book and its voice.
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1 reply · active 771 weeks ago
I think I notice tense a little bit too much. Sometimes I read an opening chapter and wonder at why it sounds different, and then realize it's in a different tense than usual. And I agree :)
The only 2nd person one I remember well is Leftovers by Laura Weiss, which I thought was a technique employed by the author and utlized really well. It didn't read as if the author just didn't know how else to write it, it was a way to draw the reader into the minds of the two girls.

However, just sayin, I actually am really really fond of 1st person present (not only becuase of the absolutely fabulous books like the Courtney Summers ones, but also because anything I write usually ends up in that tense and I'm too lazy to change it) so those haters can suck it.

Anyways, really awesome post! thank you!
1 reply · active 771 weeks ago
Ooh, I keep hearing recs for Leftovers. I really need to pick iot up. I really love 1st person present too XD
Sherrie Petersen's avatar

Sherrie Petersen · 772 weeks ago

I really enjoy first person present tense but I can't think of a good 2nd person book. Sometimes if the narrator is too in my face it gets on my nerves, but I'm sure there are books where it's done well. Make a list!!
1 reply · active 771 weeks ago
Bright Lights, Big City is pretty good in 2nd. Stolen (which is sort t of a hybrid as the main character uses "I" but is writing a letter to someone and calls them "you") is decent. I'm really excited for the upcoming YOU. XD
I agree that a quick "don't you..." can be so cute. As for whole books written in second, I'm neutral. I feel like everywhere I've seen it, it's sounded like a lovesick observer - "your hair falls in your face, and you push it away with the touch of an angel" haha - but I still think it could be used really effectively. Really cannot wait for the book You. Love this post!
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1 reply · active less than 1 minute ago
Bahahaha, love the example, and I think the short parts in 2nd person can be really chilling.

I can't wait for You either XD So excited!
I feel very much unlearnt because I haven't read a single book written in second person. I have, however, read short stories, and I do admit to finding them rather jarring.

I believe that is the selling point of YA fiction, however: the ability to experiment with PoV and tense and style. I love present tense (third person present, actually :)) and would have never dared try writing it if all I read were adult genres. So, yes, while second person might be potentially jarring, I'm sure, if done well, it can be beautiful.

I'm looking forward to YOU by Charles Benoit -- my first introduction to second person, most likely.
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1 reply · active 771 weeks ago
Don't feel unlearnt!

Looking back at this post, I meant to be writing about how I'm (personally) becoming more aware of 2nd person--and maybe it's just because I read a few books w/2nd person all in a row by chance instead of in a more-spread out combination. I dunno, after thinking about it I had this strange urge to talk about the 2nd person for a bit XD

And 3rd present can be done well (I've read a few lit books w/awesome 3rd present). But so far, I haven't been too huge of a fan of 3r present in YA. But I'm just waiting to read a YA book that blows my socks off with 3rd present. XD
Second person can be so hit or miss. I really prefer 1st person past to all others, but it depends on the story, and I've seen great examples of almost all POVs. Bright Lights Big City by Jay McInerney is written in 2nd person, and it's one of my faves. Great post!
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1 reply · active less than 1 minute ago
Ooh, I just finished Bright Lights BIg City and really enjoyed it XD. I just didn't include it in the post because it's from the 80s and adult lit, when I was aiming to talk about YA. .

And I agree about the hit/miss thing. But when it's a hit...it's a big hit, IMO. :D
I love 1st person present, if it's well-written it shouldn't really matter what tense or POV it's from. I haven't actually seen any 2nd person stories (except choose your own adventure), though I have seen some novels that break the fourth wall... that's where the character addresses the reader as "You"... and most of the times these work really well.
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I like second person POV. Then again, I pretty much write nothing but first, present which occasionally slips into second. My take on it is that it sometimes makes it conversational.

BUT. Second person is not new. In a lot of lit. fic and postmodern stuff, second person is used as a means of self-reflectivity, to create a sort of self-conscious style which makes the reader completely aware of the constructed nature of what they're reading. Italo Calvino's If on a Winter's Night a Traveller is a good instance of this.

Also, I love Chuck Palahniuk, and he slips into second all the time. It just feels totally seamless.

I can't wait to read YOU -- it seems awesome.
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2 replies · active 770 weeks ago
I didn't mean to say that second person was new. (I've read a few lit books with 2nd person...Faulkner has a bit interweaved in, and Bright Lights Big City is entirely in 2nd). I meant (and prolly failed to communicate this) that I personally am becoming more exposed to 2nd person lately, after harboring a lot of misapprehensions about it. And that I'm seeing it more in YA (especially recent books) so I'm thinking there's going to be an increase. Having 2nd person featured in experimental lit and such is a whole another story compared to having it in popular, mainstream YA. Which I was trying to get at but I'm thinking I wasn't clear on that.

And I don't know if my prediction that there will be more 2nd is totally off, but we'll see XD

I can't believe how pumped I am for YOU :)
No, no, I got what you meant (I think) -- I think I was the one phrased myself badly, haha. What I meant was that I think the reason we're seeing a rise of second person is because of the way it started ages back in experimental lit. But I think I missed a bit in my though process when commenting, haha.

And I think mainstream YA is cool for just rolling with all this stuff that's not okay in other genres -- present tense, second person etc. I don't know why YA is so open, but I love that it is.

Haha, maybe YA is the new experimental genre? Hmm.

I'm in full agreement with your prediction. And the pumpedness for YOU :)
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I just did a whole week of posts in second person POV, and loved it. But it wasn't intentional. I started out writing the series just for myself, and 2nd person POV helped me to detach from my very personal emotions to the situation. When I finished, I realized the piece wasn't that bad, broke it up into segments, and posted it over a week. People seemed to really like it--and seemed to really connect with the 2nd person POV.

My current book trilogy is being told in first person present--the first time I'd ever written first person, and the first time I'd ever written present. In fact, I didn't realize I WAS writing in present tense until the second chapter...

So, for me, whatever voice comes naturally to the story seems to be the right one! (And I can't wait for YOU either--I'm really looking forward to more 2nd Person, honestly.)
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1 reply · active less than 1 minute ago
I read your posts and they were breathtaking and poignant and so touching. Really, some of the best posts I've ever read :)

And I can't wait to read your first book! I love sci-fi :)
Karen Yuan's avatar

Karen Yuan · 771 weeks ago

I think continuous 2nd person is definitely one of the boldest literary devices and mostly utilized in, well, literary books. It's awesome for those philosophical slash introspective monologues and I love it when it's done well (i.e. The Book Thief... 'You are going to die' = whoahness much?! haha). Sometimes when writing, 2nd person just slips out and I think a small change like that is okay-- it's fresh and creates a connection with the reader. Although I actually haven't noticed a 2nd person trend, but How I Live Now has been on my reading list for a while and now I'm super intrigued. :B

Love the post!
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1 reply · active less than 1 minute ago
Hehe, I didn't mean to call 2nd person a trend, exactly. Just t that now I've been noticing at least a handful of (extremely) successful books with 2nd person bits.

I think 2nd person is such a gamble, but now that some YA authors have pulled it off, maybe that'll encourage others?

And I heart The Book Thief so much XD
I haven't come across many, or any books in fact, that use the 2nd POV. I know that it's not a very popular POV and most YA books use 1st person. So it's cool to know that there are books using 2nd person. Will look out for them and see how much I like them!
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1 reply · active less than 1 minute ago
There aren't many YA books in 2nd yet, butI hadn't come across any until very recently. Definitely look out for YOU though, it's coming out soon XD
I haven't come across that many but have mixed feelings on the use of 2nd person. While I loved it in How I Live Now, I recently read The Society of S by Susan Hubbard and really hated the fact that the protagonist (who I didn't like anyway) kept asking me what seemed like study questions. Bah. Makes me cross just thinking about it. 2nd person certainly has it's place, but I think writers need to think very carefully about what they are trying to achieve by using it.
1 reply · active less than 1 minute ago
Okay, I'll steer clear of Society of Susan Hubbard XD--study questions sounds horrid.

2nd person is really risky but just so powerful :)
Yeah I've noticed! First with How I Live Now and then with Stolen! Love this blog post, really interesting! I think second person is excellent when done well, terrible when executed badly. I know I've dabbled with it in my own writing and it's been an epic fail so I'll leave it to the pros I think!x
1 reply · active 771 weeks ago
Yay, you know what I'm talking about XD

Thank you, and I agree :)
Another amazing and frankly fascinating post Meg. I can honestly say I have not read a book this year that has been in 2nd person. It takes a brave author to write in 2nd person. I wouldn't want to try it. I think it is good though that alternate narrative forms are being published in YA though.
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1 reply · active 771 weeks ago
Thank you :)

Definitely look out for YOU then XD

And I do think it takes guts to do it ,especially since a lot of people seem to be wary of 2nd person. And hooray of different narrative forms!
The second person takes guts and real SKILL to use properly. Italo Calvino's If On a Winter's Night a Traveller is the best example: You are picking up this book, get comfortable, find a place you would like to read etc etc. Though I loved it in his novel, it's not something I particularly like.

I'd LOVE to read more in the third person plural. I tried writing a short story that way and while at points it did work, mostly it just failed. My novel in progress is currently first person present tense, which your English teachers wouldn't approve of, by the sounds of things. But how many of them are writers?
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2 replies · active 771 weeks ago
Ooh, second mention of Italo Calvino. I'll have to my hands on IF ON A sometime soon.

I doubt that any of my English teachers are writers, or would be caught dead in the YA section. But so many writers/readers seem to look down on POV/tenses other than 1st and 3rd past. It sort of baffles me--how is 1st past better than 1st present? They're simply different ways of telling the same story, w/ different pro/cons for both.
There is no such thing as one way being better than another, like you said. In my current novel in progress I use first and third person but there is no way in this world I would change in from present tense. No way.
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Just stopping by to let you know that I've got an award for you at http://www.reclusivebibliophile.com/versatile-blo....

I have become much more aware of narrative POV since I started blogging; glad to know I'm not alone!
1 reply · active 771 weeks ago
Thank you for the award! XD
I haven't really noticed any second person lately, but I haven't read any of the books you mentioned yet either.
I have an award for you at my blog! http://misadventuresofateenagebookworm.blogspot.c...
It looks like someone else is already giving you one too, though.
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Thank you for the award XD
Second person is very rare, and actually, that quote you have at the end of your post, is first person. First person plural (we) is also often confused with second person. Second person isn't the protagonist addressing the reader (which is very common in first person POV); it's the reader becoming the protagonist. "You jerk back from Matt's touch. You know what he did and you don't want his grimy fingers on you."

YOU are actually the main character. It's the main reason why it's rarely used, because it's so hard to write. Bright Lights, Big City is probably the most recognized novel of second person. It requires an even larger suspension of disbelief because the author is assuming how the reader would react. The more the reader goes, "no, I wouldn't do that" as they read, the higher of a chance you'll lose them by the end of the novel.

I've yet to see it in YA and from what I understand, is hardly used at all because of its disconnect from the very reader that's being inserted into the story.
1 reply · active less than 1 minute ago
Silly me. XD. I'm really no expert on 2nd person, and am just now becoming more exposed to it. I just assumed that since advertising/informational pieces that address the consumer, like (and these examples are really random) "Don't you just need a good coffee in the morning? Don' t you hate it when it's not the right temperature?" or "You need to install this first" are in 2nd, and the same thing applied fo fiction. Which apparently it doesn't, lol. Thank you for pointing that out though :)

But I'm still a little confused. It's not second person even in long passages where the narrator talks about their personal experiences and feelings and expects that the reader has experienced it too? For example,. "You must get really irritated when things don't go your way. I do. You have a bad temper, don't you? etc--isn't it in the vein of 2nd person? While the reader isn't the main character, they become almost a character in the story that the MC is conversing with. I can understand why it'd still be called 1st, though. I think I got it wrong because I equated the MC making the reader into a character to the author making the reader the MC.

I really enjoyed Bright Lights Big City XD

And I can understand that it creates a disconnect because something like "You are deeply hurt and wounded" would cause the reader to go whaaa, no, I'm not.

But I'm hinging on YOU executing 2nd really well.
2001 might have been the first Year of the 2nd Person YA, with Chris Lynch's Freewill (haven't read it, but it was a Printz Honor book) and Damage by A. M. Jenkins (which I have read and it is absolutely BRILLIANT). Yeah, it's only two books, but, as you point out, you rarely see 2nd person narratives.
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Second person really chafes my buttons. I can identify with the teacher persona, spending many a fleeting moments over the second person, enough time only to say, "DON'T DO IT!" and move on. Perhaps we are forcing justice on it too quickly? (Ah, dare I think it?) However, personally, I will never have the patience to cope with the grammatically awkwardness of the second person.

-Amelia R.
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:) Great Post! I've read a 2nd person POV book here and there but not to the extent that you've described. I'llbe on the look out now, of course.
I have read a first person present and it really detracts from the story...

I haven't ever read a novel in second person.

Third person present is awkward and hard to do.

Telling a story to me means it's happened and now you're retelling it...hence why past works best hehe.
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I haven't actually read much 2nd person, my bookshelf consists of first and third actually, be it third person limited or first person present. It's hard for me to spot 2nd person but I wouldn't mind reading more, same goes with the style that The Book Thief uses, although I'm not sure how to classify that one. I just call it first-third or narrator-mc style. This is still a good post though, YA is at its golden age.

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